{"id":499,"date":"2026-03-16T01:34:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T05:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openintegrative.com\/blog\/?p=499"},"modified":"2026-04-09T09:43:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T13:43:25","slug":"insulin-resistance-what-it-is-how-to-manage-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openintegrative.com\/blog\/insulin-resistance-what-it-is-how-to-manage-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Insulin Resistance: What It Is &#038; How to Manage It"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-takeaways\"><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Insulin resistance means your cells do not respond well to insulin, so the body often produces more of it to keep blood sugar in range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It develops over time from a mix of genetics, body composition, sleep, stress, and daily habits, and it can improve with steady lifestyle changes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You can spot patterns such as rising waist size, energy dips after meals, strong sugar cravings, and lab trends that drift upward.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regular movement, smart meal timing, consistent sleep, and stress management make the biggest difference for most people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tracking progress with simple measurements and periodic labs helps you adjust before bigger problems show up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-basics\"><strong>The Basics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-\">Insulin is a hormone from the pancreas that helps move glucose from blood into muscle and fat cells, and it also guides the liver on how much glucose to make. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Think of insulin as a traffic officer that directs glucose to the right place. When everything is working, your blood sugar rises after a meal, insulin increases, glucose enters cells, and levels drift back down in a smooth curve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-resistance-as-a-spectrum\">Resistance As a Spectrum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Insulin resistance is not a switch that flips. It is a spectrum. At first, your body compensates by making more insulin. You might feel fine for a long time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over time, though, that extra push can strain the system. You may notice soft signs first, like afternoon slumps or stronger cravings. Without change, blood sugar and insulin can both creep upward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-insulin-works\"><strong>How Insulin Works<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-signaling-steps\">Signaling Steps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When insulin reaches a cell, it binds to a receptor at the surface. That sets off a chain of signals inside the cell that tell glucose transporters to move toward the membrane. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The better this signaling performs, the easier it is for glucose to enter cells and be used. Modern research describes these steps in detail, from the receptor to intracellular pathways that fine tune the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30067154\/\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glut4-amp-glucose-entry\">Glut4 &amp; Glucose Entry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Muscle and fat cells count on a transporter called GLUT4. After insulin signals, GLUT4 moves to the cell surface and opens the door for glucose entry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In insulin resistance, that movement slows or stalls, so glucose lingers in the blood longer than it should. Understanding GLUT4 traffic helps explain why regular muscle use can quickly improve glucose handling <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37248992\/\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-beyond-blood-sugar\">Beyond Blood Sugar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Insulin also influences fat storage, protein turnover, and even how the liver balances glucose production. It helps modulate inflammation and vascular function. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is why insulin resistance is not only about sugar. It touches many systems at once, from body composition to how you feel after meals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-insulin-resistance-means\"><strong>What Insulin Resistance Means<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cells\">Cells<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In an insulin sensitive state, a small amount of insulin produces a clear . In an insulin resistant state, cells need a louder signal to get the same result. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pancreas tries to help by making more insulin. Early on, this keeps glucose near normal, but fasting insulin rises and post meal spikes last longer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-compensatory-changes\">Compensatory Changes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>High insulin for long periods can change how the liver, fat tissue, and muscle behave. The liver may keep making glucose when it should not. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fat tissue may release more fatty acids into the blood. Muscle may take up less glucose at rest. Together, these shifts can create a cycle that favors higher insulin and higher glucose over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-metabolic-ripple-effects\">Metabolic Ripple Effects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Insulin resistance is linked with higher waist size, blood pressure changes, and shifts in triglycerides. It connects with cardiovascular and <a href=\"https:\/\/openintegrative.com\/blog\/metabolic-health-what-it-means-and-how-to-improve-it\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"1041\">metabolic<\/a> risk, not because cholesterol is the cause, but because the whole network of metabolism is under strain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one reason healthcare teams track patterns over years rather than a single number once <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30170598\/\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-it-develops\"><strong>How It Develops<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-genetics-amp-biology\">Genetics &amp; Biology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some people are more prone to insulin resistance because of inherited traits. The structure of muscle fibers, how fat is stored, and how the pancreas all vary from person to person. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These differences do not doom anyone, but they shape how your body to life events, aging, and body weight changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inflammation-amp-stress\">Inflammation &amp; Stress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Low grade inflammation from many sources can interfere with insulin signaling. Cytokines and stress hormones can nudge receptors and internal signals off target. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chronic stress, poor sleep, and certain illnesses can amplify this drift. Over time, the signal inside cells gets muffled and glucose entry slows <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18053812\/\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-muscle-amp-fat-distribution\">Muscle &amp; Fat Distribution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Where you carry weight matters. More fat around the waist often signals more fat stored deep in the abdomen, which tends to be metabolically active. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, less muscle mass means fewer places for glucose to go. A mix of higher central fat and lower muscle is common as people age, and that combination can intensify insulin resistance <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31941015\/\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-everyday-signs\"><strong>Everyday Signs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-energy-amp-hunger\">Energy &amp; Hunger<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You might notice you feel tired after a standard meal, then hungry again sooner than expected. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some people describe a mid morning or mid afternoon crash, along with strong cravings for sweet or starchy snacks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These are not proof on their own, but they are useful clues to track over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-waist-changes-amp-skin-clues\">Waist Changes &amp; Skin Clues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A steadily growing waist size can signal rising insulin. Some people notice velvety, darker patches where skin creases, such as the neck or underarms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skin tags can be more common too. These are associated with insulin related changes and are worth mentioning during a checkup <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32385033\/\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sleep-amp-mood-shifts\">Sleep &amp; Mood Shifts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Poor sleep and mood swings often travel with insulin resistance. Fragmented sleep can alter appetite hormones and lead to next day cravings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fatigue can nudge you toward quick calories and skip movement, which cycles back into metabolism again the next day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-testing\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-common-lab-tests\">Common Lab Tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fasting glucose and A1C are widely used. Fasting insulin adds helpful context because it can reveal compensation before glucose rises. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some clinicians use an oral glucose test to see how glucose and insulin change after a standard drink. Lipids and liver enzymes can provide extra hints about metabolic strain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-indices-amp-cutoffs\">Indices &amp; Cutoffs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several indices estimate insulin resistance using common labs. HOMA IR uses fasting glucose and insulin. There are also dynamic measures that rely on oral tests or more advanced methods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No single cutoff fits everyone, and updated classification work continues to refine definitions for clinical use <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33934092\/\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35110500\/\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-trends-can-tell-you\">Single readings can bounce around. Trends help you see the direction of travel. Rising fasting insulin with a stable A1C may be an early signal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pairing labs with simple measures like waist size and energy logs can make patterns easier to spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-movement\"><strong>Movement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-resistance-training\">Resistance Training<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Muscle is a major sink for glucose. Strength work signals muscle to take up more glucose during and after training. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over weeks and months, more lean mass gives glucose more room to go, which supports better day to day control. Even two or three short sessions per week can help <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32342455\/\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aerobic-activity\">Aerobic Activity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Walking, cycling, swimming, or similar activities increase glucose use by muscle during the activity and can improve insulin sensitivity later in the day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You do not need marathon sessions. Short brisk walks after meals can make a noticeable difference, especially after larger or higher carbohydrate meals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-daily-movement\">Daily Movement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Long sitting stretches can nudge glucose higher. Mini movement snacks such as a few minutes of squats, light bands, or a quick walk break reduce that effect. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stacking small bouts across the day adds up without needing a long block of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sleep-amp-stress\">Sleep &amp; Stress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sleep-quality\">Sleep Quality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Short sleep and fragmented sleep can elevate next day glucose and insulin. Regular bed and wake times, lower evening light, and a calmer wind down help a lot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People often notice steadier appetite when sleep improves, which makes other habits easier to keep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stress-load\">Stress Load<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acute stress can push glucose higher. Chronic stress can keep insulin higher and make cravings stronger. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simple daily practices such as a brief walk, journaling, or five minutes of quiet breathing are small yet potent counters to stress pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-breath-amp-relaxation\">Breath &amp; Relaxation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Slow breathing helps shift the nervous system toward a calmer state. Even two minutes before meals can improve awareness and slow eating pace. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over time, this can support steadier portions and better signals from hunger and fullness cues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-weight-amp-body-composition\"><strong>Weight &amp; Body Composition<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fat-loss-basics\">Fat Loss Basics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For many people, gentle, steady fat loss reduces insulin resistance. You do not need rapid change to see benefit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A consistent calorie deficit, created in a way that fits your life, is what counts. Pair it with movement to improve how your body handles glucose <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31941015\/\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-muscle-retention\">Muscle Retention<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Retaining or growing muscle while losing fat helps preserve metabolic capacity. Include resistance work and enough protein across meals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This combination supports satiety and helps shape a better long term outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plateaus-and-patience\">Plateaus and Patience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plateaus are normal. Bodies adapt to new routines. Adjusting meal timing, planning a bit more movement, or changing training intensity can nudge progress forward. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep an eye on sleep too, since poor sleep often tracks with weight stalls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-food\"><strong>Food<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carbohydrate-awareness\">Carbohydrate Awareness<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Carbohydrates vary in how quickly they raise glucose. Large servings of refined starches and sugars tend to spike levels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smaller, more deliberate portions often lead to a smoother curve. Reading labels, noting serving sizes, and tracking how you feel two hours after meals can guide your personal approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protein-timing\">Protein Timing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evenly spreading protein through the day can support satiety and muscle. Many people find that a protein forward breakfast steadies hunger. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixing protein with meals can soften glucose swings and make it easier to avoid impulsive snacking later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meal-timing-amp-order\">Meal Timing &amp; Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Late night eating can keep insulin higher while you are trying to sleep. Front loading more of your calories earlier may help some people feel better and wake up with steadier numbers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eating the less glycemic parts of the meal first, then the more glycemic items, can also produce a gentler rise for some.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-special-contexts\"><strong>Special Contexts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-brain-and-mood\">Brain and Mood<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Insulin resistance connects with brain aging and mood concerns. Studies link it with faster cognitive decline and with features seen in depression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While cause and effect are complex, caring for insulin sensitivity supports brain health habits like sleep, activity, and steady energy patterns .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-type-1-diabetes\">Type 1 Diabetes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>People with type 1 diabetes can develop insulin resistance as well. It influences insulin needs, weight trends, and cardiovascular risk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The principles of movement, sleep consistency, and stress reduction still apply, alongside individualized medical care for dosing and monitoring .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hormonal-conditions\">Hormonal Conditions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some hormonal patterns, including those found in certain ovarian conditions, link with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Addressing sleep, movement, and meal patterns can support broader care goals. Coordination with a clinician helps tailor targets and track changes over time .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-long-term-outlook\">Long Term Outlook<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-monitoring\">Monitoring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Think in seasons, not days. Track a few markers that matter to you, like waist size, resting heart rate, energy logs, and periodic labs. Watch for steady improvement, not perfection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-support\">Support<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Change sticks when it fits real life. Pick two or three habits you can repeat on hectic days. Build a small team around you, from friends to coaches to clinicians. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep tweaking based on feedback from your body and your numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-small-steps\">Small Steps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Start where you are. A short post meal walk, a consistent bedtime, and a plan for the trickiest meal of your day can start a flywheel of improvement. These small, repeatable steps lower insulin needs and smooth glucose swings, which reduces strain on your system over time .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Don\u2019t alter your diet, supplements, medications, or health routine until you\u2019ve checked in with a licensed clinician. If you have questions about symptoms or a medical condition, consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\">FAQs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-insulin-resistance-in-simple-terms\">What is insulin resistance in simple terms?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It means your cells do not well to insulin, so your body often makes more of it to keep blood sugar steady. Over time, this compensation can become harder, and glucose may run higher after meals. Many people feel fine at first, which is why regular checkups matter. Gentle lifestyle changes can improve how your body uses insulin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-insulin-resistance-change-hunger-and-cravings\">How does insulin resistance change hunger and cravings?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When insulin is high for long periods, hunger can return sooner after meals and cravings for quick carbs can grow. Energy dips in the afternoon are common. Stabilizing sleep, moving more, and balancing meals can help smooth these swings. Tracking how you feel two hours after meals offers useful clues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-exercise-improve-insulin-sensitivity-even-if-i-do-not-lose-weight\">Can exercise improve insulin sensitivity even if I do not lose weight?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, movement helps your muscles take up glucose more efficiently, independent of the scale. Strength training and brisk walks after meals both support better use of insulin. Over time, added muscle gives glucose more room to go. Consistency matters more than intensity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-lab-tests-hint-at-insulin-resistance\">What lab tests hint at insulin resistance?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fasting glucose, A1C, and fasting insulin are common starting points. Some people also do an oral glucose test to see how glucose and insulin to a standard drink. Indices like HOMA IR use these values to estimate insulin resistance. Trends across months are more helpful than a single number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-does-poor-sleep-worsen-insulin-resistance\">Does poor sleep worsen insulin resistance?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Short or fragmented sleep can raise next day glucose and insulin needs. It also increases cravings and makes it harder to stick with meal plans or activity. A regular sleep schedule and a calm wind down often improve appetite control. Many people notice better energy within days of improving sleep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-research\">Research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hong, SH. and Choi, KM. (2020). Sarcopenic Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390\/ijms21020494. PMID: 31941015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tagi, VM. and Chiarelli, F. (2020). Obesity and insulin resistance in children. Current opinion in pediatrics. doi:10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000913. PMID: 32520824.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ogawa, W., Araki, E., Ishigaki, Y., Hirota, Y., Maegawa, H., Yamauchi, T. and et al. (2022). New classification and diagnostic criteria for insulin resistance syndrome. Endocrine journal. doi:10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0725. PMID: 35110500.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kim, SH. and Abbasi, F. (2019). Myths about Insulin Resistance: Tribute to Gerald Reaven. Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea). doi:10.3803\/EnM.2019.34.1.47. PMID: 30912338.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bailey, CJ. (2019). Insulin resistance: Impact on therapeutic developments in diabetes. Diabetes &amp; vascular disease research. doi:10.1177\/1479164119827570. PMID: 31014100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lee, SH., Park, SY. and Choi, CS. (2022). Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes &amp; metabolism journal. doi:10.4093\/dmj.2021.0280. PMID: 34965646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apostolopoulou, M., Lambadiari, V., Roden, M. and Dimitriadis, GD. (2025). Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance. Endocrine reviews. doi:10.1210\/endrev\/bnae032. PMID: 39998445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le, TKC., Dao, XD., Nguyen, DV., Luu, DH., Bui, TMH., Le, TH. and et al. (2023). Insulin signaling and its application. Frontiers in endocrinology. doi:10.3389\/fendo.2023.1226655. PMID: 37664840.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mastrototaro, L. and Roden, M. (2021). Insulin resistance and insulin sensitizing agents. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. doi:10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154892. PMID: 34563556.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>van, GERWENJ., Shun-Shion, AS. and Fazakerley, DJ. (2023). Insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance. Biochemical Society transactions. doi:10.1042\/BST20221066. PMID: 37248992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fernandes, BS., Salagre, E., Enduru, N., Grande, I., Vieta, E. and Zhao, Z. (2022). Insulin resistance in depression: A large meta-analysis of metabolic parameters and variation. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104758. PMID: 35777578.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zhou, X., Kang, C., Hu, Y. and Wang, X. (2023). Study on insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in public health. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1021378. PMID: 36950100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Houston, EJ. and Templeman, NM. (2025). Reappraising the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in PCOS. The Journal of endocrinology. doi:10.1530\/JOE-24-0269. PMID: 40013621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramasubbu, K., Ramanathan, G., Venkatraman, G. and Rajeswari, VD. (2023). Sleep-associated insulin resistance promotes neurodegeneration. Molecular biology reports. doi:10.1007\/s11033-023-08710-z. PMID: 37580496.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khalid, M., Alkaabi, J., Khan, MAB. and Adem, A. (2021). Insulin Signal Transduction Perturbations in Insulin Resistance. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390\/ijms22168590. PMID: 34445300.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Higgs, JA., Quinn, AP., Seely, KD., Richards, Z., Mortensen, SP., Crandall, CS. and et al. (2022). Pathophysiological Link between Insulin Resistance and Adrenal Incidentalomas. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390\/ijms23084340. PMID: 35457158.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Budiyani, L., Purnamasari, D., Simadibrata, M. and Abdullah, M. (2018). Insulin Resistance in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Acta medica Indonesiana. PMID: 30631000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pliszka, M. and Szablewski, L. (2025). Severe Insulin Resistance Syndromes: Clinical Spectrum and Management. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390\/ijms26125669. PMID: 40565151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liu, K., Jin, X., Zhang, X., Lian, H. and Ye, J. (2022). The mechanisms of nucleotide actions in insulin resistance. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao. doi:10.1016\/j.jgg.2022.01.006. PMID: 35134563.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takeuchi, T., Kubota, T., Nakanishi, Y., Tsugawa, H., Suda, W., Kwon, AT. and et al. (2023). Gut microbial carbohydrate metabolism contributes to insulin resistance. Nature. doi:10.1038\/s41586-023-06466-x. PMID: 37648852.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James, DE., St\u00f6ckli, J. and Birnbaum, MJ. (2021). The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. doi:10.1038\/s41580-021-00390-6. PMID: 34285405.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whillier, S. (2020). Exercise and Insulin Resistance. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. doi:10.1007\/978-981-15-1792-1_9. PMID: 32342455.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sharma, VR., Matta, ST., Haymond, MW. and Chung, ST. (2020). Measuring Insulin Resistance in Humans. Hormone research in paediatrics. doi:10.1159\/000515462. PMID: 33934092.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abbasi, F., Robakis, TK., Myoraku, A., Watson, KT., Wroolie, T. and Rasgon, NL. (2023). Insulin resistance and accelerated cognitive aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology. doi:10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105944. PMID: 36272362.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liu, X., Tang, HY. and Luo, ZC. (2020). [Insulin Resistance and Skin Diseases]. Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. doi:10.3881\/j.issn.1000-503X.11609. PMID: 32385033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kang, S., Tsai, LT. and Rosen, ED. (2016). Nuclear Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance. Trends in cell biology. doi:10.1016\/j.tcb.2016.01.002. PMID: 26822036.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petersen, MC. and Shulman, GI. (2018). Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiological reviews. doi:10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017. PMID: 30067154.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ormazabal, V., Nair, S., Elfeky, O., Aguayo, C., Salomon, C. and Zu\u00f1iga, FA. (2018). Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diabetology. doi:10.1186\/s12933-018-0762-4. PMID: 30170598.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>de, LUCAC. and Olefsky, JM. (2008). Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS letters. doi:10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.057. PMID: 18053812.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flier, JS. (1983). Insulin receptors and insulin resistance. Annual review of medicine. doi:10.1146\/annurev.me.34.020183.001045. PMID: 6344753.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways The Basics Insulin is a hormone from the pancreas that helps move glucose from blood into muscle and fat cells, and it also guides the liver on how much glucose to make. Think of insulin as a traffic officer that directs glucose to the right place. When everything is working, your blood sugar &#8230; <a title=\"Insulin Resistance: What It Is &#038; How to Manage It\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/openintegrative.com\/blog\/insulin-resistance-what-it-is-how-to-manage-it\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Insulin Resistance: What It Is &#038; How to Manage It\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1471,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"default","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"default","_google_business_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":true,"datetime":"2026-03-16 05:34:00","platforms":[],"status":"pending_publication","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[334,227],"tags":[297,248,230],"class_list":["post-499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blood-sugar-and-insulin","category-metabolic-health","tag-copper","tag-hormonal-balance","tag-iron-metabolism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Insulin Resistance: What It Is &amp; How to Manage It - Open Integrative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out how to tackle insulin resistance effectively. 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